A Presentation On The Killing Of Children Essay - 1961 Words

Today people cultural belief varies in various part of the world. This presentation will focus on the killing of children in Angola. There many factors that have contributed to many children being accused, abused and killed due to witchcraft. Riedel et al., (2012) quotes that Many of the thousands of street children across Angola are victims of this trend( Billion,2001). This is something New to us is African culture it is usually the older people who are accused of practicing Witchcraft. Now we’re even seeing cases popping up involving babies.† The problem Over the years Angolan’s have suffered from civil war this as now resulted to political, economic, poor policies, new trends and other( Billion,2001).In Angola it is a tradition that if witchcraft is practice by either adult or children they should be put to death, abandoned or cast out of the village. However many of this supercilious belief were generate due to lack of knowledge or understanding about certain issues.Many these cases were featured on BBC 1 documentary in 2005. For instance, A child with ADHD might be perceive as possessed in Angola while in the Uk the child will be medically label as ADHD. According to Carhn(2006) There is a clear difference between how third word countries perceive certain diagnoses and how high income country perceive diagnoses. In Angola, strange behaviour or poor behaviour might be perceive as witchcraft. Thus, may lead to children been abandoned by their parents. While in theShow MoreRelatedNazi s Persecution Of The Handicapped Essay1404 Words   |  6 Pageswith not many workers, and most people that are strong enough were in the army and went to war. They need enough worker to provide them with the enough resources that they need. Any people that are in Germany and are not strong enough (except for children) to work are killed. Hitler and the Nazi think that if they are not strong enough to work for us and using our resources, what’s the point keeping them alive then? On July 14, 1933, the Nazi government instituted the â€Å"Law for the Prevention of ProgenyRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse Is Shocking Action931 Words   |  4 Pageson above child sexual abuse is heartbreaking action, disappointing, and terrible situation, painful and unacceptable action in any measure. In addition, I think that whoever commits child sexual abuse he is also committing stealing their future, killing their life, destroying their future. In addition, a study indicates that child sexual abuse significant â€Å"short and long-term effects including post-traumatic stress disorders and symptoms, depression, suicide, sexualized behaviors, and neurobiologicalRead MoreThe Boy in the Striped Pajamas1019 Words   |  4 Pagesrequired element of curriculum. Many choose to teach a version that does not include the graphic nature and torture that Jews withstood. Instead of give lecture or text based assignments many use movies to show the Holocaust, for their easier for children to understand. Issues that could arise would be if they are able to understand that not every story portrayed in a movie is an actual event and that some aspects are fictional while some are truthful. It is essential that teachers ensure their studentsRead MoreEssay on Video Game Violence and Its Effects on Children1215 Words   |  5 PagesEffects on Children As we enter the 21st Century, video games are becoming more popular each and everyday. People of all ages can and do enjoy video games as a way to spend there free-time. These games allow the player to live in the game whether its about sports or a role playing game. The problem with the video games in the market is that they are becoming too violent in some peoples minds. Also, many of these violent video games are being advertised and directed to Americas children. This isRead MorePoverty In Kenya Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment Kenya is a country rich in wildlife, culture, history, beauty and friendly, welcoming people. It is a country with tourist attractions, but also with areas where no one can imagine that women, children, old people live. There are areas where the disease has no cure, and the children, women, elderly die because of illnesses that in other parts of the world do not exist anymore, or if them exist, there are adequate treatments against them. At first glance when you are looking at the videosRead MoreCharacteristics Of Mass Murderers And Serial Killers1019 Words   |  5 Pages‘army of one† with no known children despite a string of relationships. Someone you might see nursing a drink alone at a bar. Someone who went on cruises and played $100-a-hand video poker. Someone who sent boxes of cookies to his mother. The journal article I chose talked about the comparisons and differences between mass murderers and serial killers. Mass murderers and serial killers are nothing new to today’s society. Serial killers are usually males, their killings are typically a stranger-perpetratedRead Morein the country of men woman863 Words   |  4 Pagesis a norm. From the outset of the novel, women are portrayed as weak and incompetence demonstrated by Kareem’s descriptions of a woman’s menstrual cycle as â€Å"a curse† . This criticism from a mere child demonstrates how woman are considered below children in the society’s hierarchy. Matar emphasizes the oppression of woman through the act of Mama being immobile during sex. This heightens that lack of power possessed by woman and the ability for the outside patriarchal society to infiltrate a householdRead MoreRecurring Issues Of The Roman Catholic Church1228 Words   |  5 PagesRECURRING ISSUE IN THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, ORTHODOXY AND PROTESTANTISM The most important recurring issues in the study of the history of Christianity during our time period is sexual abuse amongst the Catholic Clergy and abortion, the killing of a living entity, as it is a sin against God according to biblical doctrine. Many believe that sexual abuse happening in the Catholic Church, is directly related to celibacy. The Churches restriction on priests that directs them to abstain from sexualRead MorePros and Cons of Public Education Essay1676 Words   |  7 Pagesless opportunity simply because they live in a low income community. These individuals have difficulty leaving the low income neighborhoods due to lack of opportunities and struggle to give their children a better life. those same people often continue to live in one even as they raise their own children plaguing them to the same fate. Underfunded schools exhibit a classic example of how public education does not match the criteria it takes to be a strong base for a person’s success in life. Read MoreAbortion Should Not Be Permitted1705 Words   |  7 Pagesargued that females should have the right to choose abortion or to give birth to a child. In contrast, some pro-life activists have argued that abortion should not be permitted because many believe abortion itself is the same idea as intentionally killing a human being. When it comes to the issue on abortion, there are differing reasons and views to consider. For example, from a Christianity standpoint, there are Christians who might support abortion, are against abortion, or will say abortion depends

The Struggle of Life and War in Ernest Hemingway’s Writing

Ernest Hemingway was one of the greatest authors of the twentieth century. His simple style, lucid depictions, and relatable narratives propelled him into a world of literary fame. These unique attributes are inimitable; Hemingway relates to the reader on a deeper level that even the best imitators cannot achieve. For this and many other reasons, critics praise Hemingway for the indefinable work of an exceptional writer. One of his most well-known novels, A Farewell to Arms, is notorious for its depth into the reality and adversity of war. Hemingway’s personal experiences during World War I are evident in this renowned novel. He uses these tragic familiarities to penetrate the reader’s mind with the grievous effects of war and loss.†¦show more content†¦(122) Another great manifestation of this unique writing style is Hemingway’s last novel, The Old Man and the Sea, published in 1952. In this story, Hemingway uses his declarative style to portray deeper meaning through the characters and their actions. The use of plain words, simple sentences, and frequent repetition is a style that makes Hemingway such an accomplished writer (Markley 171). â€Å"[Hemingway’s] powers of description are not diminished by his taking care to choose such simple language† (Markley 171). Although many commend Hemingway for his last novel, some critics see this work as less than great; â€Å"The thing that chiefly keeps The Old Man and the Sea from greatness is the sense one has that the author was imitating instead of creating the style that made him famous† (Stallman 272). However, Malcolm Cowley describes Hemingway’s prose â€Å"at its best gives a sense of depth and of moving forward on different levels that is lacking in even the best of his imitators† (271). Ultimately, Hemingway’s distinctive and original style fashions clear and meticulous novels. Later in life, after beginning his writing career, Hemingway’s interest in military activities and the influence of his veteran grandfathers led him to enlist for duty as an ambulance driver for the Italian Red Cross in theShow MoreRelatedErnest Hemingway, a Legacy for American Literature1550 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway, A legacy for American Literature Some say that Hemingways personal life should disqualify him from the literature canon. They state that his torrent affairs, his alcoholism, and his mental state should preclude him from entry into the canon. These are the very things that help to make Hemingway a unique writer. Although his genre is fiction, he relies on his real life experiences with the people and places that he visited. The very definition of the literary canon disputes theseRead MoreTaking a Look at Ernest Hemingway1167 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemingway Research Paper Ernest Hemingway was an extraordinary individual. There was a lot more to his life than most readers know about. His writing was influenced by the lifestyle that he led. Hemingway was an adventurous person that liked to live life to its fullest. Just like everyone, he made decisions that were both good and bad, and his decisions and actions shaped his writing style. Hemmingway found a great deal of success and his career was topped off with him being awarded theRead MoreAnalysis Of A Farwell To Arms By Ernest Hemingway1490 Words   |  6 PagesErnest Hemingway was a great American writer that accomplished many pieces of work including short stories, novels and journals. Hemingway was born in 1899 and raised in Illinois; he first started writing in high school for his schools newspaper cover things such as the local orchestra and working for the school year book. After graduation from high school he started his first job as journalist in Kanas working for the Kansas City Star news paper. Hemingway soon left Kansas to serve in WWI as anRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of The Snows of Kilimanjaro by Ernest Hemingway1676 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of The Snows of Kilimanjaro by Ernest Hemingway During his life, Ernest Hemingway has used his talent as a writer in many novels, nonfiction, and short stories, and today he is recognized to be maybe the best-known American writer of the twentieth century (Stories for Students 243). In his short stories Hemingway reveals his deepest and most enduring themes-death, writing, machismo, bravery, and the alienation of men in the modern world (Stories for Students 244). The Snows ofRead MoreA Farewell To Arms By Ernest Hemingway Analysis1694 Words   |  7 Pagesthey wish they could. One example of this is in Ernest Hemingway’s novel, A Farewell To Arms. The brave World War One ambulance driver, Frederic Henry, shares many traits with the esteemed author. It’s almost like he’s the Batman to Hemingway’s Bruce Wayne. Hemingway often wrote from experience, whether it was drawing upon his experience at a bullfight or even writing about his time spent on the Italian front (Ernest Hemingway Biography ~ World War I 1). He shares several experiences with the characterRead More Review Of Ernest Hemingway And Writings Essay1503 Words   |  7 Pages Review of Ernest Hemingway and Writings nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American novelest and short-story writer whose writings and personal life exerted a profound influence on American writers of his time and thereafter. Many of his works are regarded as American classics, and some have subsequently been made into motion pictures. A review of Hemingway reveals many interesting points about his life, about the influences upon his works, and of the the themes and stylesRead MoreHemingway: Ernest Hemingway was one of America’s best authors. He started out writing many1100 Words   |  5 PagesHemingway: Ernest Hemingway was one of America’s best authors. He started out writing many articles, and then even novels fro some of his lifetime experiences. Hemingway was a great influence on American society. Although Hemingway had many misfortunes in his life, he was a great writer. Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 to Clarence and Grace Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois. He had five siblings; Marcelline, Ursula, Madelaine, Carol, and Leicester. During his lifetime, Hemingway wroteRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Short Story ‘Hills Like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway.1497 Words   |  6 Pagesstory ‘Hills like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway. Word Count: 1367 Hills like White Elephants – Ernest Hemingway â€Å"Will Jig have the abortion and stay with the man; will Jig have the abortion and leave the man; or will Jig not have the abortion and win the man over to her point of view?† (Hashmi, N, 2003). These are the three different scenarios that have been seriously considered in Ernest Hemingway’s short story, â€Å"Hills like White Elephants†. Ernest Hemingway is a great writer, he workedRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pages Ernest Hemingway nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ernest Hemingway was a great American author. He was a giant of modern literature. Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899. He was the first son of Clarence and Grace Hall Hemingway and the second of their six children. Hemingway’s gather was a doctor and his mother was a music teacher. Hemingway’s parents owned a cabin in northern Michigan where he spent most of his summers hunting and fishing, being separatedRead MoreHemingway s The World War I, Lost Generation, By Ernest Hemingway1460 Words   |  6 Pagesand ignorant. Literary style and works Many people hold the opinion that there has been no American writer like Ernest Hemingway. A member of the World War I â€Å"lost generation,† Hemingway was in many ways his own best character. Whether as his childhood nickname of â€Å"Champ† or as the older â€Å"Papa,† Ernest Hemingway became a legend of his own lifetime. Although the drama and romance of his life sometimes seem to overshadow the quality of his work, Hemingway was first and foremost a literary scholar, a writer

Blue Velvet Free Essays

string(42) " upon an ear while walking near his home\." Over history, literature has impacted the approach and understanding of multimedia, pop entertainment. Furthermore, it has shaped our social ideologies, contesting current norms, and furthering our own examination of societal approaches and schools of thought. Much of the narrative and film techniques have incorporated a psychological and psychoanalytic examination of human nature and how it impacts everyday life. We will write a custom essay sample on Blue Velvet or any similar topic only for you Order Now David Lynch’s film, Blue Velvet is one of the most influential films, pushing the world of entertainment into new perspectives, reshaping much of the technique producers undertake. Blue Velvet served as a major catalyst for independent filmmaking, which largely reshaped multimedia entertainment. Throughout this film, Lynch heavily relies on Freudian theories, specifically revolving about the Oedipal complex/conflict, sadism, masochism, and fetishism as a connecting point between the characters. Throughout this paper, I apply these Freudian techniques on the psychoanalytic level by examining and analyzing various characters. This will further illustrate how Blue Velvet as well as other works that are heavily based on psychology, impact our society. Lynch’s film was particularly influential because of his incorporation of darker topics, as well as the connection between his film and Franz Kafka’s work in terms of grotesque themes. Lynch helped to shape literature as well, during the tone of this period of darker themes in creative works, because authors began to incorporate darker themes in their own work. The Gothic is a particular genre that Blue Velvet helped to shape. Not only did the film address psychological levels and theories that had yet to be fully represented in pop-media film, but it also utilized a popular Freudian theory called the uncanny. Lynch achieves this because, throughout the film, people are often unable to describe what they’ve seen. Lynch focuses on the opening setting of Blue Velvet in a small town, encapsulating an idealistic All-American image. The audience is given a picture-perfect neighborhood where children cross the street with the help of a crossing guard in uniform, surrounded by a scene of blue skies, white picket fences, and colorful tulips in blossom. These images force viewers to think about how we collectively define the American Dream, as well as what the â€Å"perfect life† is. By doing so, Lynch is able to tap into our psyche; this storybook beginning allows him to go deeper, behind the fences and smiling children, into a world of anything but perfection. Lynch’s influence on society’s perception of the â€Å"American Dream,† adds to the importance of his film. Irena Makarushka’s article, â€Å"Subverting Eden: Ambiguity of Evil and the American Dream in Blue Velvet.† Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation, enhanced the reshaping of our psychological perception of the American Dream, through her examination of life and society. She utilized Blue Velvet to further her notions through varying ideas and contexts. Furthermore, she examined Lynch’s film, because it encapsulated the concept that life is not as it always seems; the â€Å"American Dream† often serves as a faà §ade, blinding society to the darker, perhaps more realistic, side of life. When the film begins to shift into scenes of hungry black insects, the tone and ideas within viewers’ minds begin to shift. The contrast between the insects and the happy children at play reveals a struggle between what Freud referred to as the Id and the Superego: â€Å"Professor Freud came to the very significant conclusion that the neurosis represents a conflict between the ego and the id (the instinctive needs); the psychosis between the ego and the outer world; and the narcissistic neurosis a struggle between the ego and super-ego. The differentiation of the mental apparatus into an id, ego, and super-ego thus resulted in a clearer understanding of the dynamic relations within the mind† (Alexander 176). This quote allows us to understand that the children at play are representative of the Id because of our instinctive needs, such as protection, which in this case was provided by the crossing guard; the black insects are representative of our Superego because they focus on â€Å"the part of a person’s mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards learned from parents and teachers,† which correlates to the darker side of society. Lynch’s psychologically metaphorical tactic essentially forces viewers to understand that life is not as perfect as it may appear to be, and evil often occurs behind the closed doors of the â€Å"cookie cutter† house. His use of aesthetically pleasing scenery in the beginning, however, is important to remember:It is only rarely that a psychoanalyst feels impelled to in-vestigate the subject of aesthetics even when aesthetics is understood to mean not merely the theory of beauty, but the theory of the qualities of feeling. He works in other planes of mental life and has little to do with those sub-dued emotional activities which, inhibited in their aims and dependent upon a multitude of concurrent factors, usually furnish the material for the study of aesthetics. But it does occasionally happen that he has to interest himself in some particular province of that subject, and then it usu-ally proves to be a rather remote region of it and one that has been neglected in standard works. (Freud 1) Freud is essentially saying that aesthetics often impact the feelings one feels. This being said, Lynch needed to provoke a feeling of peace and happiness at the beginning of Blue Velvet in order to emphasize the shift of these emotions, into those of fear, terror, and confusion. This tactic allowed Lynch to augment the correlation between emotions towards perceived cultural images, and feelings when people recognize that life is not always as perfect as it seems in the â€Å"American Dream.† This point will be examined at length throughout this paper. Blue Velvet serves as a pivotal film because of the psychoanalytic components, particularly in terms of the characters. Each character is symbolic of varying psychological theories. Furthermore, the way Lynch introduces characters contains several Freudian theories. The first character viewers were introduced to was Jeffrey Beaumont. Beaumont came upon an ear while walking near his home. You read "Blue Velvet" in category "Papers" Psychologically speaking, the Freudian theory has noted that when someone dreams about dethatched body parts, it is symbolizing male castration. This is important to note when analyzing Blue Velvet. Before applying this theory to Blue Velvet, the concept of dreams is important to understand in terms of its applicability to the film. Dreams are heavily influenced by the image of our culture, and how we construct it. Lynch undertook this influence, applying it to Blue Velvet, by reconstructing our understanding of the American Dream through tropes of mystery revealed when viewers are introduced to the darker truth behind the beginning of the film’s portrayal of the American Dream. The dreamlike imagery he used, relating back to the uncanny, begins with the main character, Jeffrey’s discovery of the severed ear. The uncanny focuses on the human mind and mindperecpeiotion in correlation to creative works such as Blue Velvet. Just as Freud noted that detached body parts were subconscious thoughts of male castration, Jeffrey’s finding was representative of the general unconscious of society. When Beaumont brought the severed ear to the police department, the detective, Detective Williams, urged Jeff to let the incident go, because there were darker problems occurring in town. As expected, Jeff ignored Williams’ comment, deciding to pursue the matter himself, receiving help from his girlfriend, Detective Williams’ daughter. Relating back to the detached ear, it largely foreshadowed the upcoming events. As noted above, a severed body part often resembles male castration on the psychoanalytic level. When Jeff began to investigate the case, he soon found himself encountering a nightclub singer and her sadistic male abuser. This singer, Dorothy, and her abuser, Frank encapsulate the Freudian definition of sadism and masochism. Due to the looming issue of male castration, one could assume that Frank was possibly interested in sexual dominance, power, and pain in order to compensate his own sexual insecurities. Freud heavily believed that sadism and masochism, which is a form of sexual pleasure derived from inflicting pain upon others or receiving sexual pleasure from receiving pain, was associated with innate male sexuality (Freud 1). Viewers watch as Frank belittles, insults, and beats Dorothy, but soon discover that she gains pleasure and arousal from the abuse. Here, Lynch is exposing society to the darker side of sexuality, utilizing psychological theories, and forcing viewers to think about their own sexuality. Furthermore, he is allowing several people to act on their own fantasies as an outsider in a fantastical world. This greatly relates to the purpose of the Gothic genre, which is to expose and allow people to process and cope with difficult issues without actually having to endure the pain in reality. When examining Dorothy and Frank on the psychoanalytic level, the Oedipal complex is also seen. Freud believed that the Oedipal complex was a child’s internal desire to have sexual relations with their parent of the opposite sex (Klein 12). Applying this theory to the characters, Frank largely represents the child, while Dorothy represents the mother, in a dysfunctional mother-son relationship. Interestingly, despite Frank’s aggression, he referred to himself as a baby, illustrating his oedipal fantasy. It Is heavily illustrated, here that Lynch wanted to confront the less than comfortable theories and fantasies that many people truly have. Essentially, Lynch is supporting the notion of â€Å"forbidden emotions in powerful but carefully distinguished forms† (Johnson 522). By this, he means that often times repressed, and or, unconscious emotions that are ignored due to stigma, are expressed in other ways. Lynch was able to depict this through the characters throughout Blue Velvet and their sexual tendencies and personas. Jeffrey represents the Oedipal complex even more. When Jeffrey’s father was stung by a bee in his garden, he is brought to the hospital. During this time, Jeffrey stayed home, tending to domestic duties and obligations. His father’s incapacity and helplessness forces Jeffrey to go to his father’s home and hardware store. Fittingly, it was around this time that Jeffrey found the ear. This discovery could be representative and symbolic of his own feelings of castration because of the domestic duties he began to take on. Generally speaking, the ear is representative of male’s anxiety and shame towards their Oedipal fantasies. Lynch was able to depict this anxiety-provoking journey through Jeffrey’s own investigation of the severed ear. Jeffrey’s anxiety and tension were, not surprisingly, further exasperated by Dorothy. His sexual attraction and longing for a desirable, yet perverse female, relates back to the Oedipal complex. It is more important to focus on Dorothy, because of her perverse sexual nature, and how it impacts the men around her. Moreover, the psychological reasoning behind these fetishes and tendencies forces readers and viewers to think about themselves, and possible pervasions, allowing them to gain a deeper understanding of themselves and society. It particularly addresses inner conflict and tensions. Some of these inner tensions can be seen in Dorothy though her fetishes. In terms of fetishism, Freud also heavily studied this psychological phenomenon. Fetishism relates to sexuality, especially in terms of children’s sexual fantasies towards their parents. The author’s claim that we must question of our own perception of reality, as well as the issue of good versus evil, was precisely what Lynch forced his viewers to do throughout Blue Velvet. Makarushka tended to use the term â€Å"illusion† quite often, which was interesting, because Lynch’s film had a strong illusionary tone to it, tracing back to the uncanny, and the dreamlike imagery and emotions throughout his film. Her article was complementary to Blue Velvet because she was able to pose the mysterious and often unsettling aspect of reality versus illusionary life in the supernatural sense throughout the film. Furthermore, it did force readers to question how realistic the perfect, â€Å"cookie cutter,† image of the American Dream is, ultimately redefining its meaning. When thinking about the â€Å"American Dream,† society has always seen it as the ultimate standard of successful, happy living. This very point was denounced by Lynch through Blue Velvet. Just as Makarushka brings into play the idea that this concept is too good to be true, â€Å"However, closer scrutiny reveals that things are not what they seem. The slick, picture-perfect surface of the American Dream lacks substance and depth,† Lynch applies this idea to Blue Velvet (Makarushka 33). The idea that things are not as always as they seem pushes readers of Makarushka’s article, and viewers of Lynch’s film, to think about their lives and purpose beyond materialistic, professional, and superficial levels. This essential argument, encapsulating her entire article, reiterating that there is more than meets the eye, is emphasized through Lynch’s character depictions throughout the movie. Jeffrey and his girlfriend seem to have the looks, charisma, and typical life that anyone would strive for, but as the movie progresses, characters such as Dorothy illustrate the darker side of life, involving heavy issues such as drugs, which subsequently make viewers think about life on a deeper level. Difficult topics such as drugs and abuse are not often talked about, or even thought about, in families living the American Dream, which says a lot. Psychologically speaking, the avoidance and ignorance of realizations and discourses about topics such as these can heavily influence people’s psychological state. By forcing viewers to reflect on our own lives, past the jobs, kids, home, etcetera, Blue Velvet makes us begin to think about ourselves and identity on authentic levels. This makes Lynch’s work particularly influential on the psychoanalytic level, because by Makrushka arguing that we as individuals, must view life through multilateral lenses, as opposed to the unilateral lens we lean towards, in this case, the unilateral lens being the American Dream, people can begin to address their unconscious and subconscious mind, resulting in a fuller understanding of themselves and others. Essentially, both Makarushka and Lynch show us that we must look past the American Dream, into the painful reality of life occurring outside of the protected bubble we place ourselves in. As a result, we become more aware and self-understanding, making us more organic and insightful individuals of society. Another philosopher that attests to Lynch’s psychological notions within Blue Velvet is Louis Althusser. His observations of ideology, throughout Ideological State Apparatuses, are particularly seen in terms of his repressive and ideological state. Lynch’s depiction of the crossing guards, fireman, and detectives relates back to the repressive state because it is one in which cooperation from the public is achieved through physical coercion by means such as the police. Blue Velvet illustrates what happens when these authoritative figures dissipate, â€Å"The loss of an authoritative interpretative frame of reference results in a cultural disequilibrium. For Lynch, this decenteredness is affirmed in the experience of the ambiguity of evil which ultimately subverts the unambiguous claim of the American Dream† (Makarushka 32). Althusser’s ideological state resembles more of a soft power that is sustained by cultural institutions such as church, family, and culture. It also values a sense of choice of what reality is imposed. This state specifically correlates to the reshaping of the American Dream throughout Blue Velvet because it questions what life is like beyond the perfect image, and what reality really is. By seeing what happens when the repressive state fails, we can see how softer figures can reshape people’s understanding of life, reality, and deeper meaning. The American Dream must be redefined, and the psychological impact of the human mind must be addressed, according to Lynch. His film, Blue Velvet essentially allows us to understand that the true American Dream is one in which we are self-understanding, multilateral, and questioning of who we are beyond the image we portray, through its psychologically dynamic characters. Through his focus on Freudian theory, human understanding is better emphasized, increasing our own understanding of the self and others. How to cite Blue Velvet, Papers

Increasing Foreign Market Commitments †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Increasing Foreign Market Commitments. Answer: Introduction The airline industry has been exemplified by intense competitiveness with well-established price range pressure that further demands a continuous necessitate in developing its level of efficiency. However, similar to it the airline industry is regarded as a business that continuous to develop with an increased number of passengers who are frequent flyers. Since the origin of commercial and profitable air traffic, the airline industry has manifested by increased level of development in comparison to the GNP (Gross National Product) tendency and enduring productivity growth (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart 2015). Several technical advancements, recent commercial ventures and rate of efficiency progressions have facilitated to absorb and further comprehend inflation, which in amalgamation with increased living standards have facilitated more number of people to opt for airline travelling. It has been reported that over 3 billion passengers are anticipated to travel with commercial airlines in 2014. It is been expected by the International Air Transport Association(IATA), that the international travel and traffic has witnessed a slight rise of over 6% along with the competence to develop by about 6% (Williams 2017). Further progress is expected to persist a steady development in addition to this the aircraft manufacturer Airbus anticipates determined and constant positive annual traffic development until 2023 of a rate of over 5% (Dai, Liu and Serfes 2014). The report will intend to focus on the US Airlines Industry by focusing on its strategic position. The paper will intend to provide a synopsis of the US airline industry and further conduct a competitive study through Porters five-force analysis and further highlight its advantages and disadvantages. In further to this the report will explore it economic performance and identify strategies to improve airline profitability. The US airline industry consists of a vast range of airlines that vary from low cost carrier air models to the multitude global airline groups. The airline industry in United States is referred to be among the leading dynamic airline industries across the world. The airline industry in the United States in recent times have been responsible in producing advanced balance sheets, improved assessments and generated 13 consecutive quarters of revenue and profitability along with the functioning margins over 10% based on the evidence to the level of quality and discipline followed by the management with this strong competitive industry (Tan 2016). With the increasing growth of domestic airlines who are witnessing a steady profit and restrained operating expenditures because of the major portion to below $50 barrel crude keeping petroleum costs at low range (Hannigan, Hamilton and Mudambi 2015). This status has led the US airline industry face rough path of turbulence, which caused risks a nd threats to the US bottom line profits. One of the reasons behind the turn down of the US domestic line is excessive competence and ability coming on website at great discount rates when the US economy was facing a growth in the low rate single digits (Doganis 2013. The routes established between US and Latin America, whereby the value delivery services have been belligerently progressing that has been regarded as the largest development in recent available seat miles occurring over the past five years. The Domestic Airlines domain has been witnessing a development over these five years because of the increasing levels of per capita non-refundable income, consumer reliability along with total commercial revenues, which have reinforced demands from both corporate, as well as leisure passengers (Vahlne and Johanson 2017). Passenger airlines belonging to the US are making profits from an enhanced economy. The airlines of the United States is anticipated to hold a well established pos ition for passenger carriers in 2014 regardless to the crippling winter weather in certain regions of north eastern and mid western United States. It has been anticipated that the US airline industry will establish its fourth consecutive year of productivity in 2014 (Holloway 2017). As per the recent Statista survey, passengers from USA have travelled more frequently for leisure purposes in the past six months along with the major section of the airlines generally travelled on economic category flights. It must be noted that the on-time arrival rate of performance of the airlines of US has seen certain number of improvements in 2017 to an average of over 80% (Ambec et al. 2013). While the number of grievances have increased to some extent by more than 1% in comparison to last year with Spirit airlines producing the highest rate of grievances and complaints based on per 100,000 enplanements (Flouris and Oswald 2016). Components of Porters Five Forces Analysis on US Airline Industry The major factor for conducting Porters Five Forces for the US airline industry is because of the US industry has been threatened by steady headwinds from the wide range of external forces. These threats involve the declining passenger traffic, rising functional expenses, increased rate of fuel and petroleum prices along with improved and safer landing with better maintenance cost (Porter and Heppelmann 2014). However, it can be stated that the global airline industry has been facing a death spiral specifically in the United States whereby, numerous renowned air carriers were either reinforced into bankruptcy or had to come in amalgamation with other airline companies in order to remain steady in the industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers- (High) The supplier power in the US airline industry is immense due to the three major factors that US airline comprises of in terms of fuel, aircraft along with labour force which are further been influenced by several external forces (Vanhove 2017). The price of aviation petroleum for instance is subjected to the instability in the international market for oil and lubricants that has been revolved massively due to several geopolitical and other elements. Due to the restricted number of the two major suppliers, which are Airbus and Boeing, they tend to direct the prices and maintain immense authority (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart 2015). The other increased cost contribution of the US airline industry and is further controlled by the workers of American Airlines subsidiary. Bargaining Power of Buyers- (Low) The increasing rate of propagation of online ticketing as well as distribution methods, various US airlines namely, American, Delta Airlines, Virgin America and others who fly broad range of passenger everyday no longer needs to rely on their representatives and other intermediaries for their ticketing requirements (Zou et al.2014). However, there has a strict regulation and policies situated at the demand sector of the US airline industry. This further signifies that all passengers travelling in any airline belonging to the US airline industry is provided utmost protection and security by the regulators. Threat of Substitute Products or Services- (Medium) US airline industry is not exposed to threat from its substitutes (Holloway 2017). Unlike other nations, US citizens generally prefer flying, thus making it a natural phenomenon in comparison to its substitutes such as roadway transports, which have comparatively less influence on the passengers (Kleymann and Serist 2017). However, several US citizens use their personal cars for long distance journeys thus posing as a threat. Threat of New Entrants- (Low) - The US airline industry requires huge capital venture in order to make an entrance. During their exit, the airlines must script down and further absorb several losses. US airlines have been witnessing low-level traffic since the massive attack of 9/11 and an absence of popular and desirable gate accessibility in airports (Grant 2016). These factors have been posed as threats and obstacles of entry in the US airline domain. Furthermore, the capital, labour intensive, and energy demanding nature of the airline industry in the US can cause complexities for new entrants. Rivalry among Existing Competitors- (High) - US airline industry comprises of several domestic and international airline carriers. The three most renowned international carriers are namely Delta Airlines, American Airlines and United Airlines (Wu and Liao 2014). It also consists of an additional nine large carriers that has its operation in primarily domestic air carriers but further have some global destinations namely Alaska Airlines, JetBlue, Southwest Airlines and Hawaiian Airlines (Holloway 2017). These airline services mainly compete on ticketing price range and services. On the other hand, they compete on the ground of the flight frequencies, reliability and other services and amenities (Grant 2016). The Southwest Airlines Company is known as the major competitor within the US airline industry that carries more than 100 million passengers in an average year that is poses as the biggest threat to the other airlines (Choi, Lee and Olson 2015). Benefits and Limitations of Porters Five Forces Analysis on Us Airline Industry Porters Five Forces Analysis has been widely implemented in order to analyse varied industrial positions. As the US airline industry experience several challenges while maintaining competitive benefits over its rivals, the above conducted Five Forces analysis has effectively determined the fundamental competitive impact of external forces on the US airline industry. The Five Forces analysis has explicitly evaluated the authoritative position of suppliers within the US airline industry. If the level of this force within a particular sector is high then those buyers have a less degree of pricing authority over their client companies or suppliers (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart 2015). Since the US airline industry alike any other airlines sector is intensely reliant towards supplies like fuel, labour force and aircraft manufacturers, the negotiation power of the suppliers have thus been explicitly evaluated through this analysis. The US airline industry being a lucrative industry has high degree of competitiveness amongst the multitude of companies providing services to the same target base. As there has an assembly of players all trying to destabilize and challenge each other (Holloway 2017). The US airline industry has always been occupied with historic rivalries. Earlier leading airlines Pan AM and TWA (Trans World Airlines) had competed with each other for dominance over the international routes. In recent times, Delta and American airlines have emerged as strong opponents within the industry (Flouris and Oswald 2016). The Five Forces analysis have been beneficial in order to analyse the rising competitiveness between these two airlines. Delta has reportedly posed criticisms against its rivals for mediocre and substandard services and reliability and further endorsed its high and improved quality amenities through effective marketing strategies. In terms of US airline industry, the immediate domestic competition lies on the sharing of common challenges and strategies of labour and services, shifting governing environment and alike. The Porters Five Forces analysis have not been successful to identify the threats that can be caused through new entrants within the airline industry (Borenstein and Rose 2014). Though the level of threat has been shown as low in this force analysis, yet the detailed exploration could have facilitated to understand the strategic position of the US airline industry. One of the major area of limitations underlying the analysis of Porters Five Forces has been incompetent to pay equal attention and consideration to all five forces. It must be noted that for most industries, especially the airline sector, there will be one or more than once forces, which will overshadow the other significant forces (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart 2015). For example, the threat of substitutes has not been explicitly evaluated within the analysis framework. Economic Performance of US Airline Industry The US airline industry to, from and within the United States has created three distinctive types of economic benefits. Certain reports reveal that economic footprint of the airline industry has been assessed by its contribution to GDP, employment and taxation revenues produced by the airline sector as well as its supply chain. However, the economic significance and value created by the US airline industry is more than it has been evaluated (Flouris and Oswald 2016). The US airline domain aid over $600 billion in GVA that is Gross Value Added to the nation that is equivalent to almost 5% of the countrys economy (Grant 2016). The total economic contribution to US GDP consists of catalytic advantages via aviation associated with global tourism of over $100 billion that create the airline sector input as a whole. Over 3 million jobs have been directly aided by the airline sector and further 2 million jobs indirectly have been financed through the US airlines supply chain. The US plays a major contribution to the US public finances for more than $55 billion in taxation charges that involve income tax revenues and receipts from the US labour force (Flouris and Oswald 2016). Social security and corporation taxation has further been levied on the revenues and profits of the US airplane industry. The US has been recognized as the worlds largest airline services sector that gives a production of $30 billion direct and $40 billion in indirect contribution along with almost $22 billion induced as benefit to GDP. It has been reported that over nine hundred thousand scheduled global flights have their departure from several airports of the US annually that have been destined for more than 250 airports in over 100 countries (Flouris and Oswald 2016). Several air passengers residing in the US consists of approximately 600 million of the passenger as a whole. For a major section of air passenger flights in aggregation pay $600 billion including tax charges along with the US residents paying around $500 billion (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart 2015). The air transport sector is considered crucial for the distribution and supply of increased value to weigh products of passengers. The year 2010 witnessed 3200 routes relating major US airports to urban collections across the world. On an average, there were 5 outbound flights per day along these air path routes. A total number of more than 350 of these routes were linking the US to cities of over 10 million residents with five outgoing flights every day available to passengers (Flouris and Oswald 2016). The rate of frequencies has been higher to the majority of economically major destinations. For instance, travellers benefitted from a number of 31 outgoing flights each day from Los Angeles to the New York offering high-speed accessibility for commercial and leisure purposes all through the day . It must be noted that, several of these city pair networks are only achievable due to the passenger traffic density offered by major hub airports. Identifying Strategic Position for Airline Profitability of US Recognizing strategic positions within the airline industry is immensely necessary from both a qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Establishing correct operational performance can facilitate in balancing the functioning trade-offs that the US airline experience. For instance, Delta airlines tagline is one time machine while the Alaska airline believes in safe on time and with your bag at the lowest expenditure (Choi, Lee and Olson 2015). Furthermore evaluating drivers of operational performance is another strategy to use for ultimate profitability. Several airlines services such as BCG has shed light on certain operational measures such as OTP and proficiency along with focusing on customer contentment and employee engagement. Considerable improvements in airline route linkage have contributed to the financially viable performance of the broader economy with the enhancement of its overall productivity level. However, this development in efficiency in airlines companies outside the airline sector passes through two major channels such as via the impact on national firms of improved access to international markets as well as enlarged foreign competition in the domestic market (Art 2013). This must be noted that enhanced associations gives US-based trades and businesses improved access to international markets acknowledging the exports and enhances contest and rivalry in the local markets from international based suppliers (Choi, Lee and Olson 2015). This way, advanced networking acknowledges US companies to specialise in areas whereby, they own a comparative beneficial factor (Grant 2016). It must be noted that the increased rate of fuel and oil prices have further complicated the scenario that led several U S airlines to face bankruptcy during the 2000s that included Delta, United, American. However, this airline sector have conquered all the struggles and obstacles and have been regarded as recent driving agent of airline profitability further influencing the airline service decision-making processes. Conclusion To conclude it can be seen that the US airline industry has undoubtedly struggled a long journey to become such a lucrative and immensely profitable sector. It has successfully produced improved balance sheets and enhanced valuations by facilitating a profitable operating margin within the US economy. This airline sector is reportedly to be on an achievable line despite of the increasing fuel and labour expenses. A consistent demand for air travel in US has overtaken major section of the US economic development. The report has effectively provided a vibrant and well-established synopsis of the airline industry of the United States. It has further conducted a competitive forces analysis of the US airline sector by proving a diagram and detailed analysis through Porters Five Forces. In addition to this, the paper further evaluates the strengths and limitations of the five forces analysis by shedding light on the airline sector. 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